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1.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 29(2): 81-84, abr./jun. 2022. il.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1399547

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to describe the first record of antibodies to the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) in ewe, in the state of Amazonas. The ewe, which was in twin pregnancy, gave birth on May 9, 2015, but a lamb died hours after delivery. Veterinary service was then requested by the owner, where emaciation, loss of wool, pyrexia, apathy, dyspnea, mucoid nasal secretion, facial, lingual and submandibular edema were observed. There was a visit by the Agricultural Defense Agency of the State of Amazonas to the property and blood samples were collected from the animal. The whole blood and serum were sent to the National Agricultural Laboratory, where it was possible to detect the presence of specific antibodies to BTV, through the Agar Gel Double Immunodiffusion. The ewe was submitted to a new blood collection, following the same protocols and the samples were sent to the Biological Institute of São Paulo, confirmed diagnosis. The animal in a serious clinical condition, could not resist and died in July 2015. The occurrence of an allochthonous case, in an area where vector insects occur, can trigger an endemic process in the Amazon region. With this, the epidemiological control of these occurrences is necessary, in order to avoid the spread of the disease in the country.


O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever o primeiro registro de anticorpos para o Vírus da Língua Azul (VLA) em ovino, no estado do Amazonas. A ovelha, que se encontrava em gestação gemelar, pariu no dia 9 de maio de 2015, porém um cordeiro faleceu horas após o parto. Foi então solicitado serviço veterinário por parte do proprietário, onde foi observado emaciação, perda de lã, pirexia, apatia, dispneia, secreção nasal mucoide, edema facial, lingual e submandibular. Houve visita da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Amazonas na propriedade e coletadas amostras de sangue do animal. O sangue total e soro foram enviados ao Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, no qual foi possível detectar a presença de anticorpos específicos para VLA, através do teste de Imunodifusão Dupla em Gel de Ágar. A ovelha foi submetida a uma nova coleta de sangue, seguindo os mesmos protocolos e as amostras foram enviadas ao Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, confirmando diagnóstico. O animal em estado clínico grave, não resistiu e veio a óbito em julho de 2015. A ocorrência de um caso alóctone, em uma área de ocorrência de insetos vetores, pode desencadear um processo de endemia na região amazônica. Com isso, o controle epidemiológico destas ocorrências, se fazem necessários, afim de se evitar a disseminação da doença no país.


Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/abnormalities , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Bluetongue virus/immunology , Endemic Diseases/veterinary , Antibodies, Viral/analysis
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(6): 1294-1300, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355682

ABSTRACT

Brucella ovis, a non-zoonotic species, is the etiological agent of ovine brucellosis, an infectious disease of clinical or subclinical occurrence in sheep flocks. Until then, there is no serological study of anti-Brucella ovis antibodies in purebred sheep herds. This study aimed to determine the presence of anti-Brucella ovis antibodies in purebred sheep flocks with breeding purposes from Parana State. Blood samples from 728 animals, of which 563 were females and 165 males, between 8 and 56 months of age from the six major sheep producing mesoregions of Parana, were submitted to detection of anti-Brucella ovis antibodies by the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion technique using an antigen from the bacteria Brucella ovis (Reo 198). The results indicate the presence of this disease in purebred sheep from Parana State in a low occurrence of 0.27% (2/728). The only two positive animals were rams, Santa Inês breed, from the same flock in the East Center region of Parana, without clinical disease. In conclusion, Brucella ovis is present in purebred sheep in Parana State, Brazil, and this low occurrence may have occurred due to rigorous breeding systems that may contribute to reduce the transmission of this disease.(AU)


Brucella ovis, espécie não zoonótica, é o agente etiológico da brucelose ovina, doença infecciosa de ocorrência clínica ou subclínica. Atualmente, não existe estudo sorológico de anticorpos anti-Brucella ovis em rebanhos de ovinos puros de origem. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a presença de anticorpos anti-Brucella ovis em rebanhos ovinos de raça pura de origem, com fins reprodutivos do estado do Paraná. Amostras de sangue de 728 animais, sendo 563 fêmeas e 165 machos, entre oito e 56 meses de idade, pertencentes a seis principais mesorregiões produtoras de ovinos no Paraná, foram submetidas à detecção de anticorpos anti-Brucella ovis pela técnica de imunodifusão em ágar gel usando-se um antígeno da bactéria Brucella ovis (Reo 198). Os resultados indicam a presença da doença em ovinos puros de origem do estado do Paraná em baixa ocorrência de 0,27% (2/728). Os dois únicos animais positivos foram reprodutores da raça Santa Inês, do mesmo rebanho da região Centro Leste do Paraná, sem manifestação clínica. Em conclusão, Brucella ovis está presente em ovinos puros de origem no estado do Paraná, e essa baixa ocorrência pode ter ocorrido devido a sistemas rigorosos de criação, que podem contribuir para a redução da transmissão dessa doença.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Sheep/immunology , Brucella ovis/immunology , Sheep Diseases/immunology , Brazil , Immunodiffusion/veterinary
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(2): 508-512, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1248944

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium avium subesp. paratuberculosis (MAP) e o vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) são agentes que causam grandes perdas econômicas nos rebanhos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a situação epidemiológica da paratuberculose bovina (PTB) e leucose enzoótica bovina (EBL) em rebanhos leiteiros de Lagoa Formosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram coletadas 236 amostras de sangue de vacas, as quais foram submetidas aos testes ELISA e imunodifusão em gel de ágar para detecção de anticorpos contra MAP e BLV. A soroprevalência de anticorpos contra MAP e BVL foi de 20% para os rebanhos e 6% para os animais e de 85% para os rebanhos e 50,42% para os animais, respectivamente. A presença dessas enfermidades deve servir como um alerta para os produtores e veterinários, para que concentrem maior atenção na implementação de medidas higiênico-sanitárias, incorporando elementos de vigilância com base nos riscos identificados no estudo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Paratuberculosis/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/isolation & purification , Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/epidemiology , Leukemia Virus, Bovine/isolation & purification , Brazil , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Immunodiffusion/veterinary
4.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 28(1): 48-52, jan./mar. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491700

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.


Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucella ovis/pathogenicity , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Brucellosis/veterinary , Risk Factors , Immunodiffusion/methods , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Sheep/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 28(1): 48-52, jan./mar. 2021. il.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1368961

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.


Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Sheep , Risk Factors , Brucella ovis/pathogenicity , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Diagnosis
6.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 25(5): 101607, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350318

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: In-house Paracoccidioides spp. antigens are commonly used in the serological diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). The sensitivity and specificity of a commercial Paracoccidioides spp. antigen was assessed for PCM serological testing. Method: Counterimmunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion were used to evaluate the Paracoccidioides ID Antigen reagent in sera from PCM cases and patients with other diseases. Results: All active PCM sera (n=24) were reactive using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (sensitivity = 100%), including 11 cases of infection by P. brasiliensis sensu stricto and one by P. americana. Fifteen (88%) out of 17 sera from patients on treatment or cured were reactive, including one case of P. lutzii infection. One to three bands of antigen-antibody precipitate were observed on the agarose gel, with a predominance of two to three bands in the test with untreated PCM sera or at the beginning of antifungal therapy. All sera from patients with histoplasmosis (n=7), aspergillosis (n=5), and other diseases (n=27) tested negative (specificity = 100%). The overall sensitivity and specificity using the commercial antigen and double diffusion test were 75% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The commercial antigen performed satisfactorily and may contribute to the dissemination of the use of serological tests for the PCM diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Paracoccidioides , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Counterimmunoelectrophoresis , Immunodiffusion , Antigens, Fungal
7.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 78: e1770, dez. 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1489596

ABSTRACT

Oitenta porcento dos casos de paracoccidioidomicose (PMC) ocorrem no Brasil. As regiões brasileiras com maior número de casos são: sul, sudeste e centro-oeste, sendo emergente no norte e nordeste. A imunodifusão dupla em gel de agarose assume grande importância no diagnóstico, por permitir o monitoramento da doença e por oferecer subsídios para levantamentos soroepidemiológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar e caracterizar os pacientes atendidos no Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico das Micoses do Instituto Adolfo Lutz de São Paulo, em 2016. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado utilizando-se dados secundários e avaliando-se as seguintes informações: idade, sexo, procedência do pedido médico, resultado e histórico sorológico dos pacientes. Dos 1.408 pacientes, 12,8% apresentaram reatividade sorológica para Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Destes, 42,5% não possuiam histórico sorológico, sendo considerados como casos novos da doença. A classificação dos pacientes reagentes por gênero demonstrou que 83,4% eram do sexo masculino, com razão de masculinidade de 5:1. A faixa etária variou de um (1) a 92 anos, e aproximadamente 40% dos pacientes eram da faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos. Este estudo demonstra e reforça a importância da implementação dos estudos soroepidemiológicos como ferramenta auxiliar para nortear as ações de vigilância e políticas em saúde na PCM.


Eighty percent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PMC) cases occur in Brazil. The highest numbers occur in south, southeast and center-west region, being emergent in the north and northeast areas. The double immunodiffusion in agarose gel is valuable for its diagnosis, as it allows the monitoring of the disease and offers subsidies for the seroepidemiological surveys. This study evaluated and characterized the patients attended in 2016 at the Mycoses Immunodiagnosis Laboratory of Adolfo Lutz Institute of São Paulo. This retrospective study, based on the secondary data, evaluated the information: age, sex, medical request origin, result and serological history of the patients. Of 1,408 patients, 12.8% presented positive serological reactivity for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Of them, 42.5% had no serological history and they were considered as new cases. The classification of reactive patients by gender showed that 83.4% were males, being the masculinity ratio of 5:1. The age range was one (1) to 92 years old, and ±40% of the patients were of age ranging from 41-60 years old. This study reinforces the importance of the implementation of the seroepidemiological studies as to guide the surveillance actions and the public health politics in PCM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Paracoccidioides/isolation & purification , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Paracoccidioidomycosis/blood , Serotyping , Brazil , Immunodiffusion , Immunologic Tests
8.
Vaccimonitor (La Habana, Print) ; 28(3): 91-96, sept.-dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1094630

ABSTRACT

En los procesos neuroinflamatorios se produce a nivel de líquido cefalorraquídeo una activación policlonal y poliespecífica. Esta activación se produce desde los primeros días y puede permanecer por períodos prolongados. Luego por mecanismos de apoptosis los clones que no responden directamente contra los agentes biológicos involucrados no proliferan. El Reibergrama permite saber si las inmunoglobulinas presentes en el líquido cefalorraquídeo se sintetizaron o no en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) y el Índice de Anticuerpo (IA) determina la especificidad de las mismas en caso de que exista síntesis intratecal. Con estas herramientas nos propusimos identificar la respuesta neuroinmunológica frente a agentes de la familia herpesvirus en pacientes pediátricos con proceso inflamatorio del SNC a partir de sus respectivos IA. Para lograr esto se cuantificaron los niveles de IgG y albúmina en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) mediante inmunodifusión radial simple y por ensayo inmunoenzimático, con lo cual se construyó el Reibergrama que permitió la selección de 85 pacientes pediátricos con síntesis intratecal de inmunoglobulinas, que se diferenciaron en cuatro grupos según sus edades. Mediante ensayo inmunoenzimático se cuantificaron los niveles de IgG específica contra citomegalovirus, virus varicela zoster y virus herpes simple, tanto en suero como en LCR y se determinó el IA específico. La respuesta contra los virus estudiados fue similar para los distintos grupos de edades, lo cual nos permite afirmar la exposición temprana a los mismos(AU)


In a neuroinflammatory process a polyclonal and poly-specific activation is produced in cerebrospinal fluid. This activation starts from the first days and may persist for a long time. The clones not related directly against the biological agent do not proliferate by apoptosis. Reibergram determine if part of the immunoglobulins content in cerebrospinal fluid belongs from the blood or it is synthesized in the central nervous system. Antibody index determines if the specific antibodies was synthesized intrathecally. By these tools it can be possible to identify the humoral immune response against some herpes virus in pediatric patients suffering from a central nervous system inflammatory process. Quantification of specific IgG against citomegalovirus, varicella zoster and herpes simplex virus in serum and cerebrospinal fluid was done by ELISA. Specific Antibody index against these viruses were similar for the different age groups, which confirm the early exposure of the population(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Simplexvirus , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Immunodiffusion/methods
9.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 86: e0662018, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1046018

ABSTRACT

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is an infectious disease of cosmopolitan distribution and chronic character caused by a virus of the Retroviridae family, bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The epidemiological situation of EBL in Brazil has motivated studies to improve its diagnosis, based on the recommended serological techniques: agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study was designed to evaluate the use of imported ELISA for the detection of BLV in dairy herds raised in Pernambuco, Brazil, comparing it to AGID. Blood serum samples from 327 dairy cattle from the state of Pernambuco were tested to AGID and the imported commercial ELISA CHEKIT-Leucose-serum, produced by the IDEXX® laboratory for the diagnosis of EBL. Discarding 25 inconclusive samples from one or both tests, 302 samples were analyzed, being 24.1% positive (73/302) in the AGID and 45% (136/302) in the ELISA, which compared to the AGID, a technique considered standard, presented sensitivity of 98.6%, specificity of 72% and Kappa coefficient of 0.55. The lack of agreement in the diagnostic methods was probably due to the high sensitivity of the ELISA, which makes it possible to detect antibodies even in situations with low serum levels. Although AGID has been shown to be an efficient test so far, in more advanced stages of an EBL control and eradication program, with low prevalence rates, ELISA will present better performance, due to its higher sensitivity, avoiding the permanence of animals that spread the disease in the herds.(AU)


A leucose enzoótica bovina (LEB) é uma doença infecciosa de distribuição cosmopolita e caráter crônico causada por um vírus da família Retroviridae, o vírus da leucemia bovina (VLB). A situação epidemiológica da LEB no Brasil vem motivando estudos para o aprimoramento do seu diagnóstico, tendo como base as técnicas sorológicas recomendadas: imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de ELISA importado para a detecção do VLB em rebanhos leiteiros criados em Pernambuco, Brasil, comparando-o ao IDGA. Amostras de soro sanguíneo de 327 bovinos leiteiros do estado de Pernambuco foram testadas para IDGA e ELISA comercial importado CHEKIT-Leucose-serum, produzido pelo laboratório IDEXX® para o diagnóstico da LEB. Descartadas 25 amostras inconclusivas de um ou ambos os testes, foram analisadas 302 amostras, sendo 24,1% positivas (73/302) na IDGA e 45% (136/302) no ELISA, que em relação à IDGA, técnica considerada padrão, apresentou sensibilidade de 98,6%, especificidade de 72% e coeficiente Kappa de 0.55. A falta de concordância entre os métodos diagnósticos deveu-se, provavelmente, à elevada sensibilidade do ELISA, que possibilita detectar anticorpos mesmo em situações com baixos teores séricos. Apesar da IDGA se mostrar até o momento um teste eficiente, em etapas mais avançadas de um programa de controle e erradicação da LEB, com baixos índices de prevalência, o ELISA apresentará melhor desempenho, por possuir maior sensibilidade, evitando-se a permanência de animais disseminadores da doença nos rebanhos.​(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Serologic Tests/methods , Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/diagnosis , Leukemia Virus, Bovine/immunology , Cattle , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Sensitivity and Specificity , Immunodiffusion/methods
10.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 17(6): 908-916, nov.-dic. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-991296

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La brucelosis es una enfermedad zoonótica y endémica en muchas partes del mundo. La causa principal de la infección se produce por la ingestión de leche no pasteurizada o por el contacto con animales infectados. La neurobrucelosis incluye afecciones en el sistema nervioso central y periférico. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas son la meningitis, la encefalitis, la neuritis óptica y la periférica. Objetivo: Evaluar, mediante reibergrama, la dinámica intratecal de las clases mayores de inmunoglobulinas y el estado de la barrera sangre/LCR de un paciente con neurobrucelosis. Presentación del caso: Los niveles de IgA, IgM. IgG y albúmina en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo fueron cuantificados por inmunodifusión. Los resultados fueron colocados en el reibergrama correspondiente. El paciente mostró síntesis intratecal de las tres clases mayores de inmunoglobulinas, sin disfunción de la barrera sangre/LCR. Conclusión: El estudio neuroinmunológico del líquido cefalorraquídeo puede indicar el curso activo de la respuesta inmune intratecal contra el patógeno, donde la síntesis intratecal de inmunoglobulinas y el funcionamiento de la barrera sangre/líquido cefalorraquídeo constituyeron los principales marcadores en el diagnóstico de la neuroinflamación(AU)


Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic and an endemic disease in many areas around the world. The main cause of infection is the intake of unpasteurized milk or the contact with infected animals. Neurobrucellosis includes pathologic conditions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The main clinical manifestations are meningitis, encephalitis, optical neuritis, and peripheral neuritis. Objective: To evaluate, through reibergram, the intrathecal dynamics of the major immunoglobulin classes and the blood-CSF barrier function in one patient with neurobrucellosis. Case report: IgA, IgM, IgG and albumin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were quantified by using a radial immunodiffusion technique. Results were placed in the corresponding reibergram. The patient showed evidences of intrathecal synthesis of the three major immunoglobulins without blood-CSF barrier dysfunction. Conclusion: The neuroimmunological study of cerebrospinal fluid can indicate the active course of the intrathecal immune response against this pathogen, where the intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function constitute the main markers in the diagnosis of neuroinflammation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Immunodiffusion/methods
11.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 17(5): 826-836, set.-oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-985628

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Inmunodifusión radial simple es una técnica con fundamento inmunológico confiable por su especificidad para la cuantificación de inmunoglobulinas principales y se emplea también para otras proteínas. Las placas de Inmunodifusión comerciales se ofertan con un número determinado de pocillos donde se coloca la muestra biológica que contiene la proteína a cuantificar. Objetivo: Evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la modificación introducida para optimizar el uso de las placas de inmunodifusión radial simple de la marca SIEMENS por aumento del número de muestras por placas. Material y Métodos: Se presenta una innovación que permite optimizar el área biológicamente activa de la placa no utilizada para emplearla para la cuantificación de otras muestras. Se realizan montajes paralelos de muestras de controles en los pocillos tradicionales y en los realizados en los espacios disponibles para cuantificar IgG y albúmina para suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Resultados: La sensibilidad del empleo por el método tradicional y por el nuevo no presenta diferencias significativas. En cuanto a la especificidad tampoco existen diferencias significativas menos en las placas para cuantificar albúmina en suero por lo que se recomienda diluir la muestra de suero antes de ser utilizada en el área disponible. En el caso de las placas NOR y LC Partigen® el número de muestras a ser beneficiadas con la cuantificación se duplica, pero de igual manera puede ser aplicada en otras placas de otras firmas comerciales. Conclusiones: Esta innovación permite hacer un uso óptimo de las placas de inmunodifusión con el consiguiente ahorro de material de importación y se puede aplicar fácilmente en todos los laboratorios del país(AU)


Introduction: Single radial immunodiffusion assay is a technique with immunological base, which is reliable because of its specificity in the quantification of main immunoglobulins, although it is also used for other proteins. Commercial immunodiffusion plates are offered with a determined number of holes where the biological samples containing protein to be quantified are placed. Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the modification implemented to optimize the usage of single radial immunodiffusion plates from Siemens by increasing the number of samples in the plates. Materials and Methods: An innovating procedure that allows to optimize the non-used biologically active area and use it in the quantification of other samples is presented. A parallel quantification of control samples from traditional holes and the other ones opened in available spaces was performed in order to quantify IgG and albumin in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid. Results: Sensitivity was not affected significantly between the normal plates and the usage of the new procedure. Regarding specificity, there are also no significant differences except in the plates used to quantify serum albumin; so, it is recommended to dilute serum samples before the application. In case of NOR and LC Partigens®, this proposed modification duplicates the number of samples to be quantified in each plate, but otherwise, it could be applied in other commercial immunoplates. Conclusions: This innovation allows to make an optimal usage of immunodiffusion plates with the consequent saving of import materials, which can be easily applied in all the laboratories of the country(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Laboratory Equipment , Immunodiffusion/methods , Mandatory Testing
12.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(6): 1043-1050, jun. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-955447

ABSTRACT

Os lentiviros de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) são responsáveis por enfermidades infecciosas e multissistêmicas causadas pelo Vírus da Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAEV) e o Vírus da Maedi-Visna (MVV), e se apresentam sob as formas clínicas: articular, mamária, respiratória e nervosa. Desta forma esse trabalho objetivou determinar a ocorrência e avaliar os fatores de risco associados à infecção por LVPR no Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 1200 ovinos e 675 caprinos oriundos respectivamente de 60 e 41 propriedades localizadas em 25 municípios sergipanos no período de 2011 a 2014. Os diagnósticos dos LVPR foram determinados pela técnica sorológica de Imunodifusão em Gel Ágar (IDGA) usando o kit comercial da marca Biovetech®. Os dados das variáveis associadas aos fatores de risco foram obtidos a partir de questionários aplicados aos proprietários dos rebanhos e analisados estatisticamente. As frequências absolutas e relativas foram determinadas por análise estatística descritiva e os fatores de risco por análise univariada das variáveis de interesse pelo Teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher, quando necessário, e em seguida submetidos à análise de regressão logística. Foi evidenciada uma soropositividade de 5,03% (34/675) em caprinos e 1,50% em ovinos com 26,82% (11/41) e 28,33% (17/60) das propriedades apresentando ao menos um animal positivo respectivamente. Na análise dos fatores de risco, não foram observadas diferenças significantes para os ovinos, enquanto que, para os caprinos, rebanhos acima de 100 animais, que pastejam em áreas comuns com outros rebanhos, em uma distância ≤500 metros entre as propriedades, que adotam medidas biotecnológicas da reprodução e não utilizam agulhas estéreis, são mais susceptíveis à infecção por LVPR. Sendo assim, conclui-se que, há a presença dos LVPR em rebanhos sergipanos, e mesmo que em baixas frequências faz-se necessário a implementação de medidas profiláticas devido a possibilidade de expansão e desenvolvimento da caprinocultura do estado, e o alto padrão genético da raça Santa Inês.(AU)


The lentiviruses of small ruminants are infectious and multisystemic diseases caused by the Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) and the Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV), and present the clinical forms: articular, mammary, respiratory and nervous. This work aimed to determine the occurrence and to evaluate the risk factors associated with lentivirus infection of small ruminants in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 1200 sheep and 675 goats from 60 and 41 farms respectively, located in 25 Sergipe municipalities from 2011 to 2014. The diagnosis of small ruminant lentiviruses (LVPR) was determined by the serological technique of Immunodiffusion in Gel Agar (IDGA) using the commercial kit of the brand Biovetech®. Data from the variables associated with risk factors were obtained from questionnaires applied to the owners of the herds and analyzed statistically. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined by descriptive statistical analysis and risk factors by univariate analysis of the variables of interest by Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, when necessary. A logistic regression analysis was used, considering as a dependent variable for LVPR infection the reactive or non-reactive result observed in the IDGA. A seropositivity of 5.03% (34/675) was observed in goats and 1.50% in sheep with 26.82% (11/41) and 28.33% (17/60) of the properties had at least one animal positive respectively. The analysis of the risk factors, no significant differences were observed for sheep, while for goats, herds above 100 animals grazing in common areas with other herds, at a distance ≤ 500 meters between the properties, that adopt Biotechnological measures of reproduction and do not use sterile needles, are more susceptible to LVPR infection. Therefore, it´s concluded there is presence of lentiviruses of small ruminants in sergipan herds, and even if at low frequencies it is necessary to implement prophylactic measures due to the possibility of expansion and development of goat breeding of the state and the high genetic standard of the Santa Inês breed.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Ruminants/virology , Lentivirus Infections/diagnosis , Immunodiffusion/veterinary
13.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(2): 250-255, fev. 2018. tab, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895577

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar os aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção pelo Vírus da Língua Azul (VLA) em bovinos leiteiros na microrregião de Garanhuns, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram coletadas 384 amostras de soro de bovinos fêmeas em idade reprodutiva, procedentes de 20 propriedades dos 19 municípios que compõem a região. As amostras foram testadas com a prova de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA) para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-VLA. Observou-se ocorrência de 71,3% (274/384; IC 95% - 66,5% - 75,7%) de animais positivos. Em 100% das propriedades houve ao menos um animal soropositivo. Os fatores de risco identificados foram: presença de áreas alagadas (OR=11,8; p=0,001), não realizar controle de insetos (OR=2,1; p=0,033), rebanho aberto (OR=2,1; p=0,001) e utilização de inseminação artificial (OR=8,8; p=0,003). Este é o primeiro registro de detecção de anticorpos anti-VLA em bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco. Conclui-se que a infecção pelo VLA ocorre em bovinos na área estudada e sugere-se que medidas de controle baseadas no manejo higiênico-sanitário e biosseguridade sejam implantadas para evitar a propagação do vírus, tais como: eliminação de áreas alagadiças; controle de insetos; utilizar sêmen na inseminação artificial com atestado sanitário; realizar exames sorológicos ao adquirir animais.(AU)


The objective of this study was to determine epidemiological aspects of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) infection on dairy cattle in the Garanhuns microregion, Pernambuco state, Brazil. Three hundred eighty-four (384) serum samples of female bovines of reproductive age were collected from 20 farms of the 19 municipalities that make up the region. Samples were tested with the agarose gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) for anti-VLA antibody screening. There were 71.3% (274/384, 95% CI - 66.5% - 75.7%) positive animals. In 100% of the farms there was at least one seropositive animal. The risk factors identified were: presence of flooded areas (OR=11.8, p=0.001), absence of insect control (OR=2.1, p=0.033), open herd (OR=2.1; p=0.001) and use of artificial insemination (OR=8.8, p=0.003). This is the first record of detection of anti-BTV antibodies in cattle in Pernambuco state. It is concluded that BTV infection occurs in cattle in the studied area, and it is suggested that control measures based on hygienic-sanitary management and biosecurity are in place to prevent the spread of the virus, such as elimination of wetlands; Insect control; semen used in artificial insemination with health certificate; Serological tests when acquiring animals.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Bluetongue virus , Bluetongue/epidemiology , Bluetongue/etiology , Risk Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Immunodiffusion/veterinary
14.
Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease ; : 191-196, 2018.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-716018

ABSTRACT

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and diagnostic tests are based on well qualified allergen extracts, which are derived from biologic organisms. The allergenicity of the extracts is markedly affected by the climate, soil, year of production, storage methods, and manufacturing processes. Thus, standardization is a crucial process to guarantee the clinical efficacy and safety of the treatment and diagnostic reagents in allergic diseases. There are 2 different standardization processes, one is In vivo and the other is in vitro standardization. In vivo standardization is done by skin prick or intradermal tests. For in vitro standardization, measurements of weight/volume and protein nitrogen units have been widely used since the early period of AIT. In the 1970s, immunological methods such as radial immunodiffusion, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition test and basophil activation test were developed. Allergen potency measured by ELISA inhibition test reflects the potency measured by skin tests and has been widely used for quality control of batch-to-batch variation. Recently, standardizations focused on the major allergen content of extracts have developed. Standardization for major allergens requires reliable reference materials (RMs) made of recombinant allergens and 2-site ELISA kits. However, only a few reliable RM and 2-site ELISA kits are available. For the standardization process, allergen RMs are essential. The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration provides 19 allergen RMs, and our research team also proved 9 RMs which are important in Korea. In conclusion, allergen standardization is an essential process for the development of reliable treatment and diagnostic reagents, and allergy specialist should be familiar with the concept of allergen standardization.


Subject(s)
Allergens , Basophils , Biological Products , Climate , Desensitization, Immunologic , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hypersensitivity , Immunodiffusion , In Vitro Techniques , Indicators and Reagents , Intradermal Tests , Korea , Nitrogen , Quality Control , Skin , Skin Tests , Soil , Specialization , Treatment Outcome , United States Food and Drug Administration
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(3): 787-792, maio-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-911354

ABSTRACT

A brucelose na espécie ovina tem recebido destaque, uma vez que se trata de uma enfermidade que acomete o sistema reprodutivo dos animais, provocando sério comprometimento no setor produtivo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se a avaliação de três métodos para o diagnóstico da brucelose ovina: o ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISAi), a técnica imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Para tanto, utilizaram-se 211 amostras de sangue de ovinos oriundos de propriedades de nove municípios da microrregião homogênea de Teresina, Piauí. As 211 amostras de sangue foram submetidas aos testes sorológicos e à PCR, visando detectar anticorpos anti-B. ovis e DNA de Brucella ovis, respectivamente. Foram obtidos resultados positivos nos testes sorológicos, sendo 36 (17,06%) positivos no teste IDGA e sete (3,31%) positivos no teste ELISAi, contudo não houve resultados positivos na técnica de PCR. Dos métodos de diagnóstico utilizados neste estudo, o teste IDGA foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho na detecção de animais reagentes, quando comparado ao teste ELISAi e à PCR em amostras de sangue, e o percentual de animais soropositivos sugere uma ampla distribuição de ovinos infectados por Brucella ovis na região em estudo, o que pode causar prejuízos aos produtores.(AU)


Brucellosis in sheep has received a major focus, since it is a disease that affects the reproductive system of animals, causing serious impairment in the productive sector. Thus, three methods for the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis were evaluated as goal, the indirect Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISAi) test, the Immunodiffusion Agar Gel (AGID) technique and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Therefore, we used 211 sheep blood samples from properties of nine municipalities of the homogeneous micro-region of Teresina, Piaui. The 211 blood samples were subjected to serologic testing and PCR to detect anti-B. ovis antibodies, and Brucella ovis DNA, respectively. Positive results in serological tests were obtained, 36 (17%) positive in the AGID test and seven (3.3%) positive to the ELISAi test, however, there were no positive results in the PCR technique. Of the diagnostic methods used in this study, the AGID test was the one that presented the best performance in the detection of reactive animals, when compared to ELISAi and PCR in blood samples and, the percentage of seropositive animals suggests a wide distribution of Brucella ovis infected sheep in the study region and could cause loss to producers.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucellosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Immunodiffusion/statistics & numerical data , Immunoenzyme Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Serology
16.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(8): 805-812, Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895497

ABSTRACT

A Artrite Encefalite Caprina se caracteriza por ser multissistêmica e infecciosa, causada por um lentivírus. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a transmissibilidade do Lentivírus Caprino, para fêmeas e sua prole, por meio de sêmen infectado experimentalmente. Para tanto, onze fêmeas livres de CAEV foram inseminadas artificialmente com sêmen de bode livre de CAEV ao qual foi adicionado CAEV-Cork para obter título infectante com carga viral em 105 TCID50/ml. (grupo experimental 1). Destas, seis obtiverem prenhez confirmada, e a sua prole (n=6) constituiu o grupo experimental 2. Duas cabras livres de CAEV foram inseminadas artificialmente com sêmen do mesmo bode, sem o inócuo viral, constituindo-se o grupo controle. O diagnóstico da infecção pelo Lentivírus Caprino, foi realizado por IDGA, cELISA e nested-PCR. As fêmeas foram monitoradas durante 210 dias pós inseminação artificial. Já as proles foram imediatamente separadas das mães após o nascimento, e monitoradas nos momentos hora zero, aos quinze dias de idade e mensalmente, até doze meses de idade. Em relação às cabras, 56,96%(9/158) apresentaram positividade para cELISA, 24,05% (38/158) foram positivas a IDGA e nenhuma para nested-PCR. Em relação aos cabritos, 11,28% (15/133) amostras positivas para nested-PCR, 5,26% (7/133) amostras positivas para IDGA e nenhum para cELISA. As proles do grupo controle apresentaram resultados negativos para as três técnicas. A positividade encontrada em nested-PCR pode indicar grande importância para identificação de animais infectados, porém soronegativos, em situações de soroconversão tardia. De acordo com os resultados, concluiu-se que há a transmissão do Lentivírus caprino para a prole e para as mães pelo sêmen infectado.(AU)


Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis is a multisystemic infectious disease, caused by a lentivirus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transmissibility of caprine lentivirus to goats and their offspring, through experimentally infected semen. Therefore, eleven free-CAEV goats were artificially inseminated using semen from a free-CAEV buck experimentally infected with CAEV-Cork strain (experimental group one). Pregnancy was confirmed in only six goats and their offspring (n=6) constituted the experimental group two. Two free-CAEV females were artificially inseminated with semen from the same seronegative buck, without viral inoculum to constitute the control group. The diagnosis of caprine lentivirus infection was performed using AGID, cELISA and nested-PCR. All females were monitored for 210 days after artificial insemination. Kids were immediately separated from their mothers after birth, and monitored at zero time, 15 days old and monthly until 12 months old. Regarding goat samples, 56.96% (9/159) were positive in cELISA, 24.05% (38/158) were positive in IDGA and none was positive in nested-PCR. Regarding to the offspring samples, 11.28% (15/133) and 5.26% (7/133) were positive in nested-PCR and IDGA, respectively, while no sample was positive in cELISA. The control group showed no positives in the three techniques. The positivity observed to nested-PCR may show its importance to identify infected, but seronegative animals, in late seroconversion situations. According to results, the transmission of caprine lentivirus to offspring and their mothers through infected semen is possible.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Semen/virology , Goats , Lentivirus Infections/transmission , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Animals, Newborn , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Immunodiffusion/veterinary
17.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(6): 577-581, jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895456

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se no estudo identificar a ocorrência de infecção pelo vírus da artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV) em propriedades produtoras de leite caprino com sistema intensivo no estado de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliadas cinco propriedades, localizadas em cidades distintas, totalizando 1072 animais, sendo 48 machos e 1024 fêmeas de diferentes faixas etárias, das raças Toggenburg, Alpina e Saanen. O método de diagnóstico utilizado foi o de imunodifusão em ágar gel (IDGA), para detecção de anticorpos anti-CAEV, por ser o diagnóstico preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (OIE). A ocorrência de anticorpos anti-CAEV nas propriedades estudadas foi de 49,5% (531/1072), entretanto a mesma variou de acordo com a propriedade. Foram observados os seguintes resultados por propriedade: propriedade 1 = 69,6% (156/224); propriedade 2 = 41,5% (47/113); propriedade 3 = 40,3% (63/156); propriedade 4 = 24,6% (18/73) e propriedade 5 = 48,8% (247/506). Do total de machos avaliados, 14,5% (7/48) apresentaram sorologia positiva. De acordo com os resultados, uma alta ocorrência de animais soropositivos foi identificada no estado de Minas Gerais, o qual possui um dos maiores rebanhos de cabras leiteiras do Brasil. Portanto, salienta-se a necessidade de se adotar medidas estratégias sanitárias para o controle da CAE, como a realização de exames rotineiros nas propriedades e a separação de animais infectados dos sadios. A exclusão de reprodutores positivos nas propriedades também é uma medida de controle, pois já foi demonstrado que estes são fontes de infecção importantes.(AU)


The objective of the present study was to identify the occurrence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection in dairy goat farms with intensive system in Minas Gerais State. Five properties were evaluated, totaling 1072 animals, being 48 males and 1024 females of different ages and breeds (Toggenburg, Saanen and Alpine). The diagnostic method used was the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, to detect antibodies anti-CAEV, which is the diagnostic test recommended by World Organization for Animal Health - OIE. The occurrence of anti-CAEV antibodies in the properties was 49.5% (531/1072), however varied according to the farm. The anti-CAEV antibodies detection varied according to the property: Farm 1 = 69.6% (156/224); farm 2 = 41.5% (47/113); farm 3 = 40.3% (63/156); farm 4 = 24.6% (18/73) and farm 5 = 48.8% (247/506). Of the total sampled males, 14.5% (7/48) were serologically positive. According to the results, there is a high occurrence rate of CAEV-seropositive animals in Minas Gerais, which has one of the largest Brazilian dairy goat herds. Therefore, it is essential to adopt strategies for CAE control, such as a routine of diagnostics tests in the properties and the separation of healthy from infected goats. The elimination of positive breeding goats in the properties is also a measure of control, because it has been shown that these are an important route of CAEV transmission in dairy farms.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Goats/virology , Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine/isolation & purification , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Livestock/virology
18.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(3): 227-233, Mar. 2017. tab, graf, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-842055

ABSTRACT

The working equid population in Corumbá, Southern Pantanal, is very large and has a crucial role in the main economic activity of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, the beef cattle industry. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in working equids of ranches in the municipality of Corumbá, by the official agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and evaluate the adoption of the Programme for the Prevention and Control of Equine Infectious Anaemia proposed by Embrapa Pantanal and official entities in the 1990s. From September to November 2009, forty ranches distributed through the area of the municipality were visited, and serum samples were obtained from 721 equines and 232 mules. According to previous publications and the present data, it was concluded that the prevalence of EIA in this population has increased from 18.17% to 38.60%, which represents at this time approximately 13,000 infected animals. There was no significant difference between the apparent prevalence of equines and mules. It was also verified that the control programme was not known by the greater part of the interviewed ranch owners, managers and foremen and, in their perception, EIA is not a primary threat to address. Among the studied variables, the serologic testing practice significantly reduced the risk for the presence of EIA seropositivity, as well as the separation of riding equipment and segregation of seropositives.(AU)


A população de equídeos de serviço em Corumbá, Pantanal Sul, é muito numerosa e tem um papel crucial na principal atividade econômica do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, a pecuária de corte extensiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a prevalência atual da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) em equídeos de serviço em fazendas do município de Corumbá, pelo teste oficial de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), e avaliar a adoção do Programa de Prevenção e Controle da Anemia Infecciosa Equina proposto pela Embrapa Pantanal e entidades oficiais nos anos 1990. De setembro a novembro de 2009, quarenta fazendas distribuídas na área do município foram visitadas, e amostras de soro obtidas de 721 equinos e 232 muares. De acordo com publicações anteriores e os dados obtidos neste trabalho, concluiu-se que a prevalência da AIE nesta população aumentou de 18.17% para 38,60%, o que representa atualmente cerca de 13.000 animais infectados. Não houve diferença significativa entre as prevalências aparentes de equinos e muares. Verificou-se, também, que o programa de controle era desconhecido pela maior parte dos produtores, gerentes e capatazes entrevistados e, na percepção dos mesmos, a AIE não é uma ameaça importante a ser enfrentada. Dentre as variáveis estudadas, a prática da realização de testes sorológicos reduziu significantemente o risco para a presença de soropositividade para AIE, assim como a separação dos equipamentos de montaria e a segregação dos soropositivos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Equidae/virology , Equine Infectious Anemia/epidemiology , Equine Infectious Anemia/prevention & control , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine/isolation & purification , Program Development
19.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 23: 22, 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-954823

ABSTRACT

Background The five-paced pit viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus), endemic to China and northern Vietnam, is responsible for most snakebites in the Chinese territory. Antivenom produced from horses is the main treatment for snakebites, but it may cause numerous clinical side effects and have other disadvantages involved in their production such as the welfare of animals. The present study was conducted aiming to develop an alternative antibody (IgY) from the egg yolk of leghorn chickens immunized with snake venom. Methods IgY from the egg yolk of white leghorn chickens previously immunized intramuscularly with D. acutus venom was extracted by water, precipitated by ammonium sulfate and purified by affinity chromatographic system. IgY was identified by SDS-PAGE, ELISA and Western blot. Finally, IgY neutralization assays to test its efficacy against hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myotoxic activities of D. acutus venom were conducted on mice. Results For the first time, IgY antibodies against D. acutus venom were raised successfully in egg yolk of chickens injected with D. acutus venom multiple times. By three steps, including caprylic acid extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography, IgY antibodies were isolated and purified from egg yolk, which exhibited a single protein band on SDS-PAGE and two bands (about 65 kDa and 35 kDa, respectively) under reducing conditions, and presented a high titer (1:40,000) tested by ELISA. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that these IgY were polyclonal antibodies since they bound to components of D. acutus venom. Furthermore, immunodiffusion assay showed that anti-D. acutus venom IgY cross-reacted with the venoms of Trimeresurus albolabris and D. saxatilis Emelianov, but did not react to the venoms of Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra. In the neutralizing lethal assay, the median effective dose of anti-D. acutus venom IgY was 14.14 mg/kg of mouse body weight under the challenge dose (3 LD50 of D. acutus venom). In neutralizing the hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myotoxic activities of D. acutus venom, IgY showed the characteristic dose-dependent neutralization effects against all these toxic activities of D. acutus venom. Conclusion Anti-D. acutus venom IgY antibodies with high purity and titer were for the first time raised successfully in egg yolk of chickens immunized with D. acutus venom. They were effective in neutralizing the lethal effects, and the hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myotoxic acitivities of D. acutus venom. IgY could be an effective source to develop a treatment against snake bites in humans or animals in the future.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Snake Venoms , Antivenins , Immunodiffusion , Crotalinae , Naja naja , Antibodies
20.
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 30 (6): 2101-2108
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-189720

ABSTRACT

Monosodium urate monohydrate crystals are deposited in peripheral joints causing gout and elicit an intense localized inflammatory attack whereas in collecting ducts and medullary interstitium as a urinary calculi which causes dysuria, nausea and hematuria. The purpose of present study is to observe possible growth patterns of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. The crystals were grown in test tubes by single diffusion gel technique and were observed at 7[th], 14[th], 21[st], 28[th] and 40[th] day. Needle and spherulite type crystals were observed at 14[th] day, while arboresque, crystal sheaves, densely branched, dumbbell, mushroom type spherulites, plumose and hexagonal prismatic crystals were observed for the first time. After 40[th] day complete spherulites were observed with their aggregates. The crystals were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray and Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopies. The pattern of MSUM will be helpful to determine the role of different natural products in the modulation, inhibition or promotion of these crystals by affecting the shape, size, transparency, approximate number and total mass of growing crystals. In case of inhibition or modulation it will be helpful for evaluation the prophylactic management whereas the promotion of the crystal will give an idea about the risk factors of gout and kidney stones


Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Immunodiffusion , Arthritis, Gouty , Urolithiasis , Gels
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